Periodontitis: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Oral health is essential not only for an attractive smile but also for maintaining good overall health. One of the most common diseases affecting the gums is periodontitis, a condition that can have serious consequences if left untreated. From Inima Dental Clinic, we will explore in detail what periodontitis is, its causes, symptoms, and the treatments available to combat it.

What is Periodontitis?

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the gums and the bone that supports the teeth. It is considered a progression of gingivitis (gum inflammation), which, if not treated properly, can lead to tooth loss and affect the bone structure of the jaw. Periodontitis is primarily caused by bacteria that accumulate in the mouth, infiltrate the gums, and damage the supporting dental tissues.

Causes of Periodontitis

Periodontitis is mainly triggered by the accumulation of bacterial plaque, a sticky film composed of bacteria and food particles. However, several factors can increase the risk of developing this disease, such as:

1. Poor oral hygiene. Lack of brushing and flossing allows bacteria to accumulate and cause inflammation.
2. Smoking. Tobacco use is a significant factor in the development and worsening of periodontitis.
3. Hormonal changes. Pregnancy, menopause, and other hormonal changes can make gums more susceptible to infection.
4. Systemic diseases. Conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and immunodeficiency can increase the risk of periodontitis.
5. Genetic factors. Some studies have shown that genetic predisposition can play a role in the occurrence of this disease.

Symptoms of Periodontitis

Periodontitis may not cause discomfort at first, which means some patients may not realise they have it until it has reached an advanced stage. Some of the symptoms include:

1. Inflamed, red, or bleeding gums when brushing.
2. Persistent bad breath (halitosis).
3. Gum recession, making the teeth appear longer.
4. Tooth sensitivity when consuming hot or cold foods.
5. Formation of pockets between teeth and gums.
6. Tooth loss in advanced cases.

Complications of Periodontitis

If untreated, periodontitis can lead to severe complications, such as:

• Tooth loss. The destruction of dental support tissues can cause teeth to loosen and eventually fall out.
• General health issues. Inflammation and bacteria associated with periodontitis may contribute to conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and even respiratory problems.
• Bone loss. Advanced periodontitis can cause irreversible damage to the jawbone, complicating treatment and tooth replacement.

Diagnosis of Periodontitis

Early diagnosis is key to the effective treatment of periodontitis. At our dental clinic in Marbella, a thorough examination of the mouth will be conducted to check for signs of inflammation, gum recession, and other indicators. X-rays may be necessary to assess bone damage around the teeth and determine the severity of the disease.

Treatments for Periodontitis

There are several effective treatments that can be tailored depending on the progression of the disease. Some of these include:

1. Deep cleaning (scaling and root planing). This procedure removes plaque and tartar accumulated beneath the gums. It’s an outpatient treatment that helps control the infection.
2. Antibiotics. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to combat the bacterial infection that causes gum inflammation.
   Pocket reduction surgery: In advanced stages, surgery may be performed to reduce the pockets that form between the gums and teeth and to smooth the affected bone.
3. Tissue regeneration. This treatment allows for the regeneration of bone and gum tissue in severe cases, using specific grafts or membranes to stimulate regeneration in the affected areas.
4. Periodontal maintenance. After initial treatments, it is essential for the patient to attend periodic check-ups to prevent relapses and ensure that the gums remain healthy.

Prevention of Periodontitis

Prevention is the best way to avoid periodontitis and its complications. Some recommendations for keeping your gums healthy include:

• Brushing your teeth at least twice a day using the correct technique.
• Using dental floss daily to remove food particles between teeth.
• Visiting the dentist regularly, at least every six months, for professional cleanings and check-ups.
• Avoiding tobacco use, which severely impacts oral health.
• Maintaining a balanced diet rich in nutrients to strengthen teeth and gums.

Periodontitis is a serious disease that can impact both oral and general health if not treated promptly. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned or have concerns about your oral health, we invite you to contact our dental clinic for an evaluation. Remember, a healthy smile starts with healthy gums!

Contact us and visit our dental clinic in Marbella to book your appointment.